Sentence examples for mutations were smaller from inspiring English sources

Tests showed that the DNA of the cells was damaged, but that the mutations were smaller than would be expected with a nuclear hit--resembling spontaneous mutations.

The fitness effects of StrR mutations were smaller on average in genotypes that had adapted to LB compared to the same genotypes without adaptation (paired t-test: t8 = 4.83, P = 0.001; Figure  3a,b).

In both cases, over 80% of the determined mutations were small alterations and the remainder were rearrangements (Table 2).

We used high-throughput sequence analysis in order to detect new genes that cause disease as we predicted that the greatest number of disease-causing mutations were small sequence variants that could be detected by this method.

Strikingly, all these mutations were small deletions and insertions in exon 9 of the gene leading to a shift in the open reading frame and expression of peptides in which the wild-type C terminus was substituted for a novel identical in all mutants C terminus and a small mutant-specific portion of variable length.

Our data are congruent with recent studies [2], [17], [55], [56], and demonstrate that after seroconversion, the overall number of reverse mutations is smaller than the number of escape mutations, but reverse mutations occur earlier and are mostly dominant or complete, while escape mutations from the wild type occur later and most are transient.

It has also been suggested that APAs with ATPase mutations are smaller than APAs with KCNJ5 mutations.

Indeed, the mechanisms of genetic epistasis predict that for genes acting in the same pathway, the combined effects of inactivating mutations are smaller than the sum of effects when they are measured for each component separately (reviewed in Cordell, 2002).

This represents antagonistic pairwise epistasis between I572S and K43N: the cost of having both mutations was smaller than expected from their independent effects on the wild type (Additional file 2: Table S2).

Notably, the absolute changes in binding energy (ΔΔ Gbinding) mediated by the Val → Abu peptide mutation were smaller in the denaturant titrations (0.5 kcal/mol, 40 μM peptide) than in standard MST-based binding experiments (ΔΔ Gbinding ~ 1.3 kcal/mol).

The most common sensitizing mutations are small in-frame deletions in exon 19 (45%) or the L858R missense mutation (40%to45%5%) in exon 21 leading to favorable response rates to EGFR TKIs [6].