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Although the decrease in the fitness of homozygotes carrying a single mutation was approximately 2%, the harmful effects of these mutations were reduced in the heterozygotes by more than fivefold.
To obtain crystallizable amounts of crosslinked MutSΔC800/MutLLN40 complex, equimolar amounts of MutSΔC800 D246C and His-tagged MutLLN40 N131C (or with additional arginine mutations) were reduced and dialyzed separately, as described above.
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Furthermore, frameshift mutations are elevated when Mag Apn1 ratios are high and these mutations are reduced with increased expression of Apn1.
While fixation of deleterious mutations is reduced by outcrossing and large effective population size, most non-synonymous mutations are likely beneficial mutations in the conifer phyla.
In sample II, the fraction of significantly robust sncRNAs to mutations was reduced to 22.8%, while robustness to environment was reduced to 26.6% (Table S 4).
This could be because either the stimulatory effect of the shorter exposure does not now occur or the basal level of uninduced, spontaneous mutations is reduced, or both.
The predominant clinical features observed in patients with FRMD7 mutations are reduced visual acuity and abnormalities of the optokinetic response (9, 10, 15).
This method corrects for deleterious mutations, as the relative abundance of deleterious mutations is reduced at higher frequencies, but cannot be applied for beneficial mutations which have increased relative abundance at higher frequencies.
And in Figure 2(b), the number of CMT2 families in the category "other point mutations" is reduced to n = 7 (21%) and the number of families with uncertain pathogenic variants is increased to n = 5 (15%).
The penetrance of PRPF31 mutations is reduced by transcriptional repression mediated by the product of the CCR4-NOT transcription complex, subunit 3 (CNOT3) gene which is linked to PRPF31 (McGee et al. 1997; Venturini et al. 2012).
Comparing averaged currents recorded between pulse 10 and 20 with currents recorded between pulse 140 and 150, normalized peak current for cells expressing channels with the L858F mutation were reduced by 26% (n = 8; P < 0.05), while the effect of mexiletine on currents recorded from WT controls remained unchanged.
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