Sentence examples for mutations were already from inspiring English sources

Bacteria can evade destruction through random changes (and there is evidence that even before penicillin was invented some bacteria, through spontaneous mutations, were already resistant to it), or by picking up new genetic material from other bacteria.

In the first WEAU sample (d10), non-synonymous mutations were already significantly enriched specifically within the epitope (Table S3); immune selection was estimated to have started 5 days earlier, 18 days prior to the sample with peak viremia.

Frameshift mutations were already observed in normal small intestinal enterocytes as they lack Msh2 (figure 2).

Drug resistance mutations were detected at failure and some of these mutations were already present in ARV-naïve patients.

These mutations were already reported in the literature [ 18, 19, 20, 21, 22] or in the Breast Cancer Information Core electronic database.

In two out of three cases with homozygous wild-type codons in peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) DNA, mutations were already observed in the tumour adjacent normal colonic mucosa.

One of the mutations is already common in the wild, Kawaoka said, appearing in all 46 bird flu viruses isolated from people in Egypt between 2009 and 2011.

The answer, his research suggests, is yes.Three mutations are already known to make H5N1 more at home in human hosts.

Two of the five mutations are already common in the H5N1 virus in the wild, said Ron A. M. Fouchier, the paper's lead author.

Those mutations are already the target of new research.

This difference between the all-or-nothing and hill-climb is because the fitness differential from the starting virus to the respiratory droplet transmissible A/H5N1 virus decreases as the number of needed mutations decreases (if some of the mutations are already present in the avian host) (table S2) (6).