This view was partially due to the fact that Thomas Morgan and his colleagues found a large number of genic mutations in the 1910's and 1920's, and many geneticists used the word mutation to indicate only the genetic changes of single genes.
The fact that protein 18-19 could achieve a similar degree of optimization with only two mutations seems to indicate that protein 18-19 was much closer to achieving structural optimization than other proteins from round 18 of the binding optimized selection.
Population size trajectories can be used to quantify decay and rebound rates as well as rescue probabilities, to test whether population dynamics are density dependent, to suggest whether rescue is due to single or multiple mutations, and to indicate the repeatability of these processes across replicates.
We propose that the term "mutation" be used to indicate the result of a recent mutation event which has been detected using as a reference the germline DNA of the same individual.
The relative mutation rates seem to indicate that the changes in mating system have not led to major changes in the mutation machinery.
Generally speaking, penetrance estimates of mutation carriers tend to indicate a higher cumulative risk of breast cancer if based on a set of high-risk families [ 9, 10] than if based on a population-based set of mutation carriers not recruited due to the occurrence of multiple cases of breast cancer in their families [ 11- 15].
In particular the designations B* (Table 1, Figure 1) and Dp140utr (in the text) are used for mutations located in the extended 5'UTR of the Dp140 isoform and which leave the Dp140 promoter intact, whereas the designations C (Table 1, Figure 1) and Dp140pc (text) areused to indicate mutations that affect the promoter and/or coding region of the Dp140 isoform.
PARSESNP (Project Aligned Related Sequences and Evaluate SNPs, http://www.proweb.org/parsesnp/) was used to illustrate the distribution of mutations within the gene, and to indicate the nature of each single mutation.
Previously, the BRAF mutation has been reported to indicate a poorer prognosis in PTC although there have been significant inconsistencies between various studies 17– 24.
In both the azathioprine and non-azathioprine groups, transitions at dipyrimidine sequences, considered to indicate mutation by ultraviolet-B radiation, occurred frequently in tumours from chronically sun-exposed skin.
