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Asymmetric Fc crystallization was able to resolve the interface mutations; the heterodimer structures confirmed that the interfaces formed as designed.
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A number of studies 61– 64 have identified mutations within the heterodimer binding partner of the MutLα and MutSα complexes.
For example, a MSH2 gene mutation was identified in a colorectal cancer-affected individual, where the tumor demonstrated isolated loss of MSH6 expression, 63 suggesting that mutation screening of the heterodimer binding partner should be a high priority in cases with suspected Lynch syndrome.
Furthermore, whereas R177S and V198E served to improve kcat/Km 60-fold in the context of the heterodimer, the same mutations in the context of wild-type Neo had a ninefold negative effect on kcat/Km.
Importantly, expression of Myc-Ku70D192R/D195R pulled down wild-type levels of FLAG-Ku80, indicating the effect of the mutation was not due to destabilization of the heterodimer.
66 The increasing use of gene panel resequencing of colorectal cancer-associated genes will inadvertently address issues of mutations in heterodimer binding partners for the MMR genes.
All of the mutations produced relatively small effects, but noticeably, the effect of the heterodimer was not always intermediate between those of the WT and mutant homodimers.
The effect of the S81L mutation on the PLP binding affinity of the homodimer and the heterodimer was also investigated.
Depending on the expression level, the heterodimer may be the predominant form in individuals carrying the mutation.
The heterodimer was composed of an inactive subunit that has a K345A mutation and an active subunit that has N80D and N126D surface mutations to facilitate ion-exchange chromatographic separation of the three dimeric species.
We were able to recreate the naturally occurring mutations S81L and G170R in AGT identified in compound heterozygous patient and to isolate and characterize the heterodimer in the purified recombinant form.
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