Sentence examples for mutations that typically from inspiring English sources

Mitochondrial tRNAs harbor a disproportional number of pathogenic mutations that typically lead to muscular or neurological disorders [ 48].

Hence, cancer development involves uncontrolled cell division resulting from a series (progression) of gene mutations that typically involve two categories of function: promotion of cell division and inactivation of cell cycle suppression.

APOBEC3G-mediated sequence editing [see, Holmes et al. (2007) for review] is detected using a subset of atypical mutations that typically occur in edited sequences (Gifford et al., 2008).

Maynard Smith and Szathmáry, in contrast, argue that even with the existence of epigenetic inheritance processes, natural selection working on mutations that are typically not adaptive (i.e., non-directed) remains the fundamental evolutionary process (Maynard-Smith & Szathmáry 1995, p. 249).

With the exception of temperature-sensitive and other conditional missense alleles, mutations that disrupt developmental patterning typically result in a consistent and relatively narrow phenotypic range.

Typically, mutations that confer resistance are considered to occur at very low frequency in the population due to fitness costs in non-insecticide environments [ 2].

Whereas escape mutations that affect MHC binding are typically no longer under selection pressure in the next host of the virus (as hosts differ in their MHC alleles), escape mutations that affect the antigen processing of epitope precursors prevent the use of those epitope precursors by any of the MHC alleles in a host population.

Cells depleted in mtDNA have a low respiratory capacity [ 105], while mutations that cause mtDNA depletion are typically associated with mitochondrial diseases [ 106].

Boys with mutations that cause RTT in females typically die before or soon after birth with a severe encephalopathy (discussed in more detail below).

Note that those adaptive mutations that do reach establishment frequency typically achieve this quickly in ∼ γ/ s generations, where γ ≈ 0.577 is the Euler Mascheroni constant (Desai and Fisher 2007; Eriksson et al. 2008).

Constitutively active Ras is typically caused by mutations that prevent GTP hydrolysis, thus locking Ras in a permanent 'on' state.