Sentence examples for mutations that transform from inspiring English sources

In this model we assume that the total mutation rate between classes i and j is proportional to the number of different point mutations that transform a cell from class i to class j.

Lewis showed that mutations that transform specific segments align on the genetic map in the order of the body segments that they affect (Lewis, 1978).

It is postulated that the same oxidative stress that induces DNA damage and apoptosis in cells can also cause p53 mutations that transform cells resulting in aberrant proliferation [ 76].

The generation of the first MM cell is a multistep process requiring a series of mutations that transform a normal plasma cell into an MM cell (Kuehl and Bergsagel, 2002; Bergsagel and Kuehl, 2005).

These mutations are known as 'drivers' and can be divided into two groups: (i) 'loss-of-function' mutations, which inactivate tumor suppressor genes (from here on 'inactivating mutations') and (ii) 'activating' or 'gain-of-function' mutations that transform proto-oncogenes into oncogenes.

Second, we use mutations that transform the mating system within C. elegans back to a dioecious system and demonstrate that the same hallmarks of sexual conflict as are observed within C. remanei can be recapitulated over a period of just a few dozens of generations of evolution in the presence of elevated male sexual encounters.

The mutations that transformed TIR3 into a detector of sweet tastes must have happened over the last 42 million to 72 million years, allowing hummingbirds to evolve into a distinct family of nectar-drinking birds, they wrote.

It was reported that in transfected N2a cells, PrPC bearing two point mutations that transformed the palindromic domain 112 119 into an alanine chain had no remarkable impairment in α-cleavage [19].

Resistance mechanisms identified included: drug target mutations that conferred resistance against geldanamycin and FK506, mutations in a gene encoding a transcriptional activator of drug efflux pumps, namely PDR1, mutations that transformed azole resistance from dependent on calcineurin independent on this regulator and mutations in the catalytic subunit of calcineurin.

This is why most tumors develop only following two causative hits: firstly a mutation that transform a cellular gene in an oncogene, and secondly, a mutation that inactivate a tumor suppressor [41].

Cbx 1 is a gain-of function mutation that transforms the posterior half of the wing (T2) into the posterior half of the haltere (T3).