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Pseudogenes harbor premature stop codons, deletions/insertions, and mutations that abrogate their translation into functional proteins.
Previous reports targeting HCV and HIV have suggested that lhRNAs (>50 bp) can adequately inhibit targets harboring mutations that abrogate the silencing efficiency of 21 bp shRNAs [24], [30], [33].
One advantage of this strategy is that such compounds would be functionally epistatic to essentially all oncogenic mutations that abrogate β-catenin degradation, including those in CTNNB1 itself.
Similarly, unequivocal proof that the binding events we have identified here directly inhibit Rnf12 transcription should be provided in the future by targeting specific mutations that abrogate the binding.
Importantly, mutations that abrogate either ERQC or GQC, or abrogate both ERQC and GQC, do not result in temperature sensitive growth or significant PI-positive staining of cells following heat stress, suggesting that PM quality control can compensate for defects in quality control along the secretory pathway.
This analysis also highlights the synergistic effects of abrogating multiple membrane protein quality control pathways: loss of Art1 confers a mild heat-induced cell permeability phenotype (19% of cells), but when combined with mutations that abrogate ERAD and GQC this phenotype is enhanced three-fold (57% of cells).
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For instance, BCL-2 mutations that abrogated binding of BH3 mimetics mediate resistance of ABT-199 in experimental lymphoma models [240].
A mutagenesis and biochemical study performed on E.coli Ffh revealed a subset of mutations that abrogates the effect of the SRP RNA and results in targeting defects in vivo [31].
First, mutations that abrogated filament formation in vivo also prevented filament formation in vitro (see Figures 3D and 4D), strongly suggesting that the in vitro structures are physiological.
A mutated protein bearing a Q419K mutation that abrogates activation of Kef by GSH adducts was used to measure background binding.
Furthermore, the same 3-bp substitution mutation that abrogates ATF4 activation dramatically reduced PTH-dependent activation (Fig. 7J), indicating that this element is critical for the actions of PTH on this promoter.
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mutations that occur
mutations that confer
mutations that allow
mutations that are
mutations that improve
mutations that indicate
mutations that start
mutations that seem
mutations that destroy
mutations that lead
mutations that make
mutations that identify
mutations that promote
mutations that alter
mutations that introduce
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