Sentence examples for mutations selected by from inspiring English sources
More focussed data sets may reveal that the genotype has actually had to out-compete others sharing similar mutations selected by the initial sweep, suggesting more stringent selection on the ultimately successful genotype than would otherwise be expected following a strict "bottleneck".
The majority of NRTI-resistant strains (79.8%) carried resistance-associated mutations selected by the thymidine analogues zidovudine and stavudine.
This is supported by high reversion rates of escape mutations selected by 'beneficial' HLA Class I alleles following transmission to HLA-mismatched recipients [22][23].
In the connection domain, nine mutations were selected by treatment in subtype B. The RNase H domain harbored 6 mutations selected by treatment in this subtype.
To investigate the impact of the gag-protease mutations selected by different HLA class I alleles at different clinical stages, we constructed 148 chimeric HIV-1 NL4-3 viruses containing autologous gag-protease from patients of the Bloemfontein cohort.
With respect to HIV antiretroviral (ARV) treatment, recent studies identified subtype-specific differences in viral susceptibility to specific drugs [8], [9] and in signature mutations selected by treatment [10] [12].
Patients receiving efavirenz-containing regimens are less likely than those receiving nevirapine-containing regimens to develop cross-resistance to etravirine because K103N, the most prevalent mutation selected by efavirenz[ 71] does not confer resistance to etravirine.
The question arises: are all of these mutations selected (to fixation or near fixation) by drugs, or are some mutations neutral and randomly fixed during cloning by stochastic processes?
As a control group 59 tumors with p53 missense mutations were selected by matching with the p53 null tumors on the basis of patient age at diagnosis, stage and grade of cancer, cancer site, and year of diagnosis.
Some of those mutations are selected by host immune responses and often cause viral fitness losses.
These mutations were selected by their resistance to the aminoglycoside antibiotic hygromycin B. Biochemical analysis of purified membrane preparations showed that the plasma membrane ATPase activity of the mutants was reduced as much as 75%.
