Although almost all isolates harbored a relatively high number of nonsynonymous mutations relative to synonymous mutations, the strain with the highest nonsynonymous-to-synonymous SNP ratio did not persist.
As such, we have constructed a luciferase mutant containing four point mutations, relative to the wildtype enzyme, resulting in remarkably greater thermostability.
Following more than 15 rounds of library creation and screening, we settled on an optimized version, known as mClavGR2, that has eight mutations relative to mClavGR1.
We have determined the crystal structure of Clover, one of the brightest fluorescent proteins, and found that its T203H/S65G mutations relative to wild-type GFP lock the critical E222 side chain in a fixed configuration that mimics the major conformer of that in EGFP.
A number of mutations relative to the A. flavus sequence were observed in the aflatoxin biosynthesis gene cluster in A. oryzae RIB 40 (Tominaga et al. 2006).
If a major group (e.g. Ehrhartoideae) is represented by only one species (e.g. rice), then DNA sequence(s) from that species will contain many mutations relative to all other species in the study.
The answer depends on the probability of fixation of neutral mutations relative to beneficial ones.
The latter is the most likely progenitor of the other "military" isolates, since it has the fewest mutations relative to strain 1942.
The proportion of nonsynonymous mutations relative to synonymous mutations can indicate whether a gene is under selective pressure, and what type of pressure it is.
PB1 diversity in the Canadian sampled A/H1N1pdm viruses was somewhat surprising given a paucity of PB1 adaptive mutations, relative to PB2 and PA variations, described in the literature.
The other four mtDNAs [one Agerolese (Campania), two Cinisara (Sicily), and one Romagnola] were characterized by a peculiar and very divergent control-region motif (28 mutations) relative to the bovine reference sequence (BRS) [13] (Table 1).
