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1– 3 Recently, gene mutations of minor KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF mutations were recognized as predictive and prognostic factors of anti-EGFR antibody treatment in mCRC.
A recent study of mitochondrial genetic variance for longevity in D. melanogaster presented evidence that mtDNA haplotypes may well harbour numerous male-harming mtDNA mutations of minor effect, rather than a few of major effect (Camus et al. 2012).
If this is the case, 'whole haplotypes' that are poor performers in males, due to numerous male-biased mtDNA mutations of minor effect, could potentially become the targets of TFT efforts.
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Several of the most frequent PH1 mutations of the minor haplotype, such as p.G41R [ 37] and p.I244T [ 34], are known to display protein aggregation.
Thus, study of genetic defects in human cancers has revealed for each cancer a few major causative genetic events (driving mutations) and myriads of minor events, peculiar for each cancer.
Our results confirmed the possibility to detect with high accuracy a low level of mutation (< 2% of minor allele frequency), as also shown in a recent study [ 27].
In the former, natural variation entails the gradual accumulation of minor mutations in alleles.
The time of appearance of minor mutations was 312 (160–418) days p/s and 349 (240–415) days p/s for reverse and escape mutations, respectively (p = 0.031), while appearance of transient mutations did not differ significantly between reverse mutations and escape mutations from the wild type.
Here, selection will still act against mutations increasing the number of minor codons in the gene.
CTNNB1 mutations seem to be of minor importance in sporadic colorectal cancer.
However, the rate of minor mutations (Table 4) is consistent with the previous studies among subtype C isolates [ 17, 30- 32].
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