In the intervention group, knowledge especially concerning inheritance and penetrance of BRCA1/2 mutations was enhanced (Table 3).
Specifically, the extraintestinal nuclei phenotypes resulting from ubc-25 (ok1732 ), lin-36 (n766 ), and cdc-14 (he141 ) mutations were enhanced by 15, 8, and 11 RNAi clones, respectively.
However, studies have shown that upon acquisition of a first-step mutation, the likelihood of developing a subsequent mutation is enhanced in comparison to the development of the first-step mutation itself (38 – 40 ).
It was suggested that the probability of a secondary mutation is enhanced only by the increase in cell number within the developing colony and selection acts only to favor growth of the new double mutants within each colony.
The high incidence of mtDNA mutation in colorectal tissues of individuals with UC suggests that the rate of DNA mutation is enhanced in their mucosal cells by oxidative stress caused by chronic inflammation and, hence, malignant transformation occurs more easily than in normal subjects.
However, the 33% penetrant egg-laying defective (Egl) phenotype associated with the ksr-1 mutation was enhanced to 77% in the ndk-1 ok314 / ndk-1 ok314 / ksr-1(n2526) strain (n=125; Table 3).
This pattern agrees quite well with the frequencies that optimal fit our models to the observed distributions, which are f(T) = 0.243, f(A) = 0.312, f(C) = 0.189, f(G) = 0.257 if the nucleotide frequencies are the only free parameters and detailed balance is assumed, and f(T) = 0.193, f(A) = 0.316, f(C) = 0.210, f(G) = 0.281 if the mutation rate is enhanced at CpG dinucleotides.
Through a greater neutral mutation rate, the chance that beneficial mutations might emerge is enhanced, therefore allowing neofunctionalization to occur faster, as has been proposed for the facilitation of morphological diversity in teleosts (Ravi and Venkatesh 2008).
The finding that the self-assembly ability of these proteins is enhanced by mutations found in ALS patients is very exciting (Kim et al., 2013).
The mutation affects Tau splicing and is unusual in that it enhances the fraction of 3R-Tau (where repeat R2 is excluded) compared to 4R-Tau, in contrast to many other mutations where 4-R Tau is enhanced.
