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A fraction P of mutations is assumed to have positive (beneficial) effects.
(Lethality of two or more mutations is assumed because it greatly facilitates the calculations).
A total of 1000 loci susceptible to deleterious mutations is assumed for all individuals of the different reproductive types.
Many compositional evolution studies, explicitly or implicitly, have used this model: that is, the per base pair rate of mutations is assumed to be temporally constant.
An organism's DNA sequence that has been subjected to numerous random mutations is assumed to possess less information than the DNA of an organism under strong selective pressure.
The residual familial clustering not accounted for by BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations is assumed to be explained by a polygenic model with a variance that decreases with increasing age [ 14].
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Mutator mutations are assumed to be selectively neutral in the model; mutator mutations therefore accrue only through genetic drift or by hitchhiking on the most aggressive clones.
For mutator pathways, the mutator mutation is assumed to occur first, based on previous work suggesting that mutator pathways are more efficient if the mutator mutation occurs early [15].
Suppressive mutations were assumed to be extragenic when the linkage between the Tr marker and pmr was ≤85%.
As the mutations are assumed to be random, the non-malignancy associated mutations, and these are presumably the most of them, would be unique to each tumor.
All mutations are assumed to be neutral, and back mutations are allowed.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com