BRAF and NRAS gene mutational status does not affect patient outcome significantly, although patients harboring mutations in those genes have less favorable DFS.
An obvious application of genetic knowledge about specific cancers is the development of drugs and antibodies that reverse the effects of the mutations in those cancers.
Mutations in those genes can dramatically increase a woman's chance of developing breast or ovarian cancer.
That makes Myriad the sole producer of tests to detect mutations in those genes.
Its environmental correlates (smoking, for example) act not by poisoning cells directly but by promoting mutations in those cells' DNA.
The suit argued that human genes could not be patented because they were products of nature, and that Myriad's monopoly on testing for mutations in those genes raised medical costs and prevented women from getting a second, confirmatory test.
In the 1940s Butenandt's researches on eye-colour defects in insects proved that specific genes control the synthesis of enzymes needed in various metabolic processes, and that mutations in those genes can result in metabolic defects.
They carry their own DNA, called mtDNA, and mutations in those genes can cause mitochondrial diseases.
They carry their own DNA, called mtDNA, and mutations in those genes cause mitochondrial disease.
I'd long known that Ashkenazi Jews are more likely to carry mutations in those genes.
Mutations in those genes cause mitochondrial diseases, which can affect various organs, including the heart, liver, eyes, and brain.
