In all of the dogs with the disease, which causes whitish scales that darken with age, both copies of the gene were mutated; healthy dogs had mutations in only one copy or in neither.
Mutations in only a few genes are known to cause the development of severe obesity in early childhood [2].
The ironically named Universal Mutation Database covers mutations in only 34 genes, including LMNA.
Thus, it was shown that the synergistic effects of mutations in only two regulatory genes, acrR and marR, can significantly increase organic solvent tolerance in E. coli.
FAP patients showed K-ras mutations in only 13% (1/8) of dysplastic ACF, which is the predominant form of ACF found in FAP.
Finally, we analyzed potential off-targets of five sgRNAs in gene-modified mice and ESC lines and identified off-target mutations in only rare instances.
As a result, we clarified that the E. coli strain can acquire high-level organic solvent tolerance due to mutations in only two regulatory genes (marR and acrR) by reconstructing these mutations in a parent strain.
Another study where 26 cervical tumors were analyzed by single-strand conformational polymorphism analysis identified LKB1 mutations in only one case [24].
Mutations in only four genes were cytotoxic to macrophages treated with cytD: kdtA (Kdo transferase) and the three identified during the screen for hypercytotoxic mutants (lpcC, manB and manC).
The observation that there is only a small overlap between the Su TPE s and Su var)s, combined with the observation that mutations in only two PcG loci suppress TPE, suggests that TPE represents a silencing phenomenon that is mechanistically distinct from the repression associated with either PEV or PcG silencing.
Thus to get mutations in only SOX5 and not E4BP4, point mutations were introduced.
