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There was also a trend for increased frequency of PIK3CA mutations in older women.
Alternatively, identifying PIK3CA activating mutations in older patients could benefit them by minimizing the therapy.
This might be a result of the small number of mutations in older patients (Table 2).
Accumulation of new mutations in older polyploid species, such as wild emmer, results in increased diversity and its more uniform distribution across the genome.
Since the longest TSDs found were in the range of 16 20 bp, and some of the shorter TSDs may result from accumulation of mutations in older SINE insertions, TSDs having size < 8 bp were excluded.
Of interest is that two recent studies showed that BRAF mutations were related to worse overall survival, but not to relapse-free survival [ 44, 45], which may be explained by higher frequencies of BRAF mutations in older individuals [ 30, 45].
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Related sites Science of Aging Knowledge Environment (SAGE KE) version of this story, with links to related articles and other resources (subscription required) Free SAGE KE article about mitochondrial DNA mutations in old people.
Together, these findings, and the low number of mutations in old cells (< 1 per lifespan), exclude a causal role of mutation accumulation in aging in yeast.
Breast and ovarian cancers linked to mutations in BRCA1 are likely one of the main genetically-related causes of death in middle-age women and can be therefore regarded as important deleterious mutations in old age mortality [ 79].
Moreover, the early expansion of Bcr-Abl-expressing progenitors in aged lymphoid progenitor populations is polyclonal, and thus pre-accumulated oncogenic mutations in old progenitors are unlikely to account for age-dependent selection for Bcr-Abl expression (but note that a different study showed that the age of the target cell for Bcr-Abl induced B-ALLs does contribute to age-dependence [ 111]).
14 The Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) study, investigating the significance of FLT3-ITD mutation in older patients with AML, concurred with previous findings of shorter disease-free survival and OS. 15 Interestingly, the impact of FLT3-ITD mutation was observed particularly in patients aged 60 69 years (P<0.001) and not necessarily in those over 70 years old.
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