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The model allows the calculation of the fraction of pre-malignant lesions with a given number of oncogenic mutations that harbor mutator mutations in exactly the same way that it allows calculation of the fraction of malignant tumors which develop by the mutator pathway as a function of the number of oncogenic mutations.
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Thus, we expect that the genes in a pathway exhibit a pattern of mutually exclusive driver mutations, where driver mutations are observed in exactly one gene in the pathway in each patient [ 13].
This is because many mutations in text do not exactly follow the HGVS nomenclature.
From this perspective, it is important to elucidate the IDH mutations exactly in immunohistochemistry using mono-specific anti-mutated IDH1/2 mAbs such as HMab-1, SMab-1, GMab-r1, KMab-1, MMab-1, and WMab-1 as well as multi-specific mAbs MsMab-1 and MsMab-2.
For years, researchers have tried to pin down exactly how mutations in a gene called BRCA1 cause breast and ovarian cancer.
It is still unclear exactly why mutations in genes regulating mitochondrial function promote longevity, or whether they are related to the IIS pathway, however, prevailing theories suggest that oxidative damage from mitochondrial activity may be responsible for cellular aging and that a reduction in these activities could be beneficial.
We next identified somatic mutations hitting exactly the same base in two or more cancers.
Interestingly the mutation is exactly in the middle of the loop, at a site readily accessible for interaction with other molecules.
The four SNPs found in individual 11 in IRa were found in exactly the same place and the same mutation as in IRb.
Moreover, we showed that this L2b variant was present in the 1980s in San Francisco with exactly the same mutations in the complete ompA gene.
While we found that 92% of the affected genes overlapped (5,995 genes total), these genes were not always affected by exactly the same mutations in both genomes.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com