Sentence examples for mutations in cutaneous from inspiring English sources

Gene mutations in cutaneous melanoma (BRAF, N-Ras, etc).

All BRAF mutations in cutaneous pigmented neoplasms occur within the kinase domain.

This same pathway is activated by oncogenic BRAF mutations in cutaneous melanoma [ 12].

It is now well established that the frequency of detected BRAF V600E mutations in cutaneous melanoma is influenced by the analytical sensitivity of the method applied for their detection [ 14].

At the molecular level, several signaling pathways have been implicated in the control of melanoma tumor formation, including the Ras-Raf-Mek-Erk cascade, which often exhibits activating mutations in cutaneous malignant melanoma [ 3].

1– 3 The V600E mutation (Val600Glu) accounts for over 90% of all BRAF mutations detected in cutaneous melanoma, whereas the most common NRAS mutation in cutaneous melanoma are the Q61R (Glut61and) and Q61K (Glutheses); these mutations result in activation of the downstream effector of the RAS-RAF-MEK-MAPK pathway.

Despite the high incidence of this mutation in cutaneous melanoma, several studies have shown that it is not present in posterior uveal melanoma (Cohen et al, 2003; Weber et al, 2003).

BRAF mutations at the V600 residue are the predominant MAPK activating mutations found in cutaneous melanoma.

Activating mutations in the BRAF gene have been identified in many human cancers, with the highest frequency of mutations found in cutaneous melanomas (Brose et al, 2002; Davies et al, 2002; Goydos et al, 2005).

The frequencies of TERT promoter mutations reported in cutaneous melanoma vary significantly, probably in part due to varying sample selection (type of melanomas, primary or metastatic samples, and so on).

Vemurafenib, an inhibitor of BRAF, is also being used with limited success for treatment of advanced melanoma., The BRAF (V600E) mutation is the most common mutation found in cutaneous melanomas.