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The main effect is to disable the normal repair mechanisms that prevent dangerous mutations in cells.
Dr. Urban and his colleagues, for example, investigated mutations in cells called fibroblasts, which are found in connective tissue.
Though the details are unclear, aspirin might work in several ways: by reducing inflammation, slowing mutations in cells, and preventing cancer cells being spread around the body on blood platelets.
Scientists are unsure how aspirin prevents cancer, but it may act by damping down inflammation in the body, or slowing the buildup of mutations in cells that ultimately turn cancerous.
The study also involved engineering TERT promoter mutations in cells differentiated from human pluripotent stem cells and following their progression toward cellular immortality.
The induction of DNA mutations in cells by drugs and chemicals is complex.
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Zang, Z.J. et al. Exome sequencing of gastric adenocarcinoma identifies recurrent somatic mutations in cell adhesion and chromatin remodeling genes.
Chandarlapaty, S. et al. Prevalence of ESR1 mutations in cell-free DNA and outcomes in metastatic breast cancer: a secondary analysis of the BOLERO-2 Clinical Trial.
Zang, Z. J. et al. Exome sequencing of gastric adenocarcinoma identifies recurrent somatic mutations in cell adhesion and chromatin remodeling genes.
Mutations in cell-essential genes typically fall into this group.
It was assumed that mutations in cell-essential or housekeeping genes would have resulted in these general, frequently recurring mutants.
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