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We hypothesized that CHEK2 mutations having a detrimental effect on drug sensitivity could be associated with a more aggressive, Li-Fraumeni or a Li-Fraumeni-like (LFL) cancer syndrome [48].
Studies on sporadic CRC have demonstrated that promoter hypermethylation can act as an alternative mechanism to mutations, having a causal role in colorectal tumorigenesis [ 5, 3].
As shown in figure 1 D, the average distance between substitutions is approximately 20Å with approximately 5% of mutations having a distance less than 5Å.
This may be explained by patients with C1459T mutations having a significantly reduced CYP2B6 protein expression, which decreases the enzymatic activity [ 52].
The set of nine most prevalent mutations having a frequency of at least 10 alleles in the CBS Mutation Database was selected; these included the p.A114V, p.R125Q, p.E144K, p.T191M, p.R266K, p.I278T, p.G307S, p.W409_G453del, and p.D444N.
We chose to analyse the data in terms of fitness or w, where by definition the susceptible ancestor was a fitness of 1, with costly mutations having scores of <1 and beneficial mutations having a score in excess of 1.
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Both mutations have a higher leukaemogenic potential than the non-mutated BCR ABL clones.
*Children of people with BRCA mutations have a 50percentt chance of also carrying the mutations.
Women with the mutations have a 56percentto85percentchancehance of developing the disease.
In contrast, the mutations had a more pronounced effect on the refolding kinetics.
Patients with FLT-3 gene mutations have a worse prognosis and responsiveness to chemotherapy than those without these mutations.
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