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Studies on suppressor mutations have provided the basis for identifying the 'three-letter' (codon) structure of the genetic code and they represent a formidable tool to unravel gene expression, protein structure, and function, and to understand the functional basis of mutations associated with common diseases.
Therapies targeting driver mutations have provided promising outcomes in relevant populations.
Accordingly, these mutations have provided limited information about the functional interactions of LGI1 protein.
Furthermore, the discriminatory profiles that often contain genes located downstream of the type-specific pathogenic gene fusions or mutations have provided novel targets for molecular therapy [ 15- 18].
Gain-of-function and loss-of-function mutations have provided evidence that β-catenin plays essential roles in development and tumorigenesis.
Although these mutations have provided important insights into cardiac morphogenesis and ASD formation, in many families and individuals the causative gene is still unknown.
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The genetic study of rats and mice using natural variants, natural mutations, chemical or radiation induced mutations, engineered mutations and conditional engineered mutations has provided the tools for investigating the genetics of disease.
The discovery of these causal mutations has provided important insights into biochemical pathways involved in the etiology of Parkinson's disease.
In turn, knowledge of the mutation has provided the family with the opportunity to make informed decisions about pre-implantation testing/ in vitro fertilization and/or to perform directed mutation analysis from foetal tissue via CVS or amniocentesis.
However, a subset of somatic variants in the DFTD genome will be driver mutations that have provided selective advantage to the cancer during passage through its devil hosts.
The discovery of mutated genes in human cancers and the patterns behind the mutation data have provided critical insights into the mechanisms underlying cancer formation and development, and have proven helpful for cancer therapy [3], [12].
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