Sentence examples for mutations have fixed from inspiring English sources
Control-X chromosomes were expressed hemizygously and the opportunity for sexual selection existed in these populations; while this, along with a larger population size, will slow down the rate of MA, we cannot eliminate the possibility that some deleterious mutations have fixed in these lines.
While the deep mutational scanning is designed to sample all possible mutations, only a fraction of theoretically tolerable mutations have fixed in natural H1 HAs due to the finite timespan during which evolution has been exploring possible sequences (in other words, evolution is not at equilibrium; see Povolotskaya and Kondrashov, 2010).
When we considered the case that a new advantageous mutation has fixed, rMHH and rHH exhibited low values regardless of the way of homozygosity estimation as shown in Fig. 2A and B, respectively.
This prediction can be tested in experimental lines by studying those mutations that have fixed later in the adaptive process.
However, we note that in both ambiguous cases, our data show that it is possible to construct an evolutionary path consistent with Maynard Smith's paradigm in that the mutations could have fixed sequentially without ever causing a measurable decrease in NP function (if N334H preceded L259S in the background of Step 10, and if E375G preceded R384G in the background of Step 21).
These lines might reflect real multi-step mutations but they might also have fixed multiple single repeat mutations.
Second, forward evolution might have fixed favorable combinations of epistatic mutations.
That, I could have fixed.
Mouse fibroblasts carrying pathogenic mtDNA mutations were derived from the mouse L929 cell line, which has fixed several mutations over long-term culture.
It also means that mutations will continue to occur even after previous beneficial mutations have become fixed.
