As a consequence, they generated interest among researchers working on RNA viruses, as these viruses were found to replicate at high mutation rates and have extremely polymorphic populations [ 3, 12- 14].
Women with BRCA mutations have an extremely high lifetime risk of developing breast cancer.
If these non-neutral mutations are deleterious, it would indicate that these particular genome sites must have extremely high mutation rates (especially those in the TATA box) to account for the fact that they have been observed despite selection acting to remove them.
SNPs have extremely low mutation frequency and are less prone to homoplasty when compared to other molecular markers, making them extremely valuable for phylogenetic analyses.
They replicate quickly and have extremely high mutation rates, orders of magnitude greater than those of most DNA-based life forms (Drake, 1993).
Interestingly, mitochondrial sequences in anthozoans have extremely low mutation rates compared to the bilaterians and are therefore highly conserved, allowing for robust comparisons across distantly related taxa (van Oppen et al. 2002; Galtier et al. 2009).
Lin et al. [ 59] studied the frequency of spontaneous mutations to an erythromycin resistant phenotype and found that both C. jejuni and C. coli have extremely low rates of spontaneous mutations under in vitro culture conditions.
As suggested previously for the whole element, the 26 ORFs have extremely similar DNA sequences, as 12 are identical, six contain one silent mutation, two have two silent mutations, one has three silent mutations, three have a single missense mutation each, and only two contain frameshift mutations that result in one 5′- and one 3′-truncated H3 variant.
Because Tasmanian devils have extremely low levels of genetic diversity and a chromosomal mutation unique among carnivorous mammals, they are more prone to the infectious cancer.
We found that the GRN g.10974_10975insCC mutation carriers had extremely low plasma GRN levels, confirming the functional role of this novel mutation.
