Sentence examples for mutations have all from inspiring English sources

The greater frequency of small-sized beneficial mutations [12], the L-shaped distribution of mutations fixed throughout evolution [13], the existence of fitness equilibriums [14], and the absence of intrinsically beneficial or intrinsically deleterious mutations have all been observed during laboratory evolution, and all conform to the conditions set forth under FGM.

Frameshift, splicing sites, intragenic deletions, nonsense, as well as missense mutations have all been identified.

GOLPH3 amplifications and PTEN, STK11 and TSC1 mutations have all been described as outlier responders to everolimus [ 33- 36].

Patients described by Winn et al. [20] and Reiser et al. [21] with TRPC6 mutations have all developed FSGS, which is thought to initiate with podocyte injury [41].

Although the causative variant within the common p.N34S-containing haplotype still remains to be identified, the rare SPINK1 missense mutations have all been experimentally shown to be deleterious.

Analysis of blood DNA from additional family members verified that three of the four mutations were also transmitted in the family and that the mutations had all occurred at different positions in the pedigree.

Because human evolution spans a timescale about 4× longer than this, most mutations having an effect on fat storage would be predicted to move to fixation in the population if the TGH was correct – unless such mutations had all occurred in the past 900,000 years.

The clusters arise because in the course of evolution one gene has been accidentally copied several times over, and the copies, after mutation, have all found useful roles to play.

Although homozygous deletion, hypermethylation of the promoter region and intragenic mutation have all been reported as mechanisms of CDKN2A inactivation in cell lines (Herman et al, 1995), they all seem to be rare events in primary renal tumours (Cairns et al, 1995; Sanz-Casla et al, 2003).

Out of 20 members of F-01 family included in this study one female member (IV.12) had no polymorphisms or intronic variants whereas all other 19 members including the breast cancer patient and two family members with the exon 21 mutation had all six common polymorphisms and intron 7 variations reported in the present study.

The implication is that these clusters of mutations have not all occurred in a single event.