Sentence examples for mutations has proved from inspiring English sources

Obtaining mice with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations has proved challenging, and the animals rarely transmit the mutant mtDNA to their progeny, which limits their usefulness as tools for designing treatments [9].

Identification of such mutations has proved challenging in human, livestock and plant genetics [ 6].

Such genome-wide screens for transcripts harbouring truncating mutations has proved successful in identifying sporadic nonsense mutations involved in colon cancer [ 18, 19, 23, 24], prostate cancer [ 25, 26], melanoma [ 27], mantle cell lymphoma [ 28] and clear cell renal cell carcinoma [ 29].

Moreover, the identification of underlying mutations has proven difficult.

Computational approaches for predicting the effect of amino acid mutations has proven to be surprisingly successful, with a wide range of studies supporting them [53]-[56] [53]-[56]

Directed evolution, comprising multiple rounds of random mutagenesis, randomization of active site residues and recombination of beneficial mutations, has proven to be a powerful method for tuning enzymes to specific needs, provided that suitable screening systems are available [ 21- 23].

Appropriate target identification and selection have limited the successful development of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors, and while activating mutations have proved crucial in understanding benefit in lung cancer, the same has never been demonstrated in breast cancer.

Accurately discovering specific EGFR mutations, especially uncovering the mutation information from a small amount of mutated cells, which could be covered by the noises from other un-mutated cells, is currently becoming an urgent clinical requirement, since several key mutations have proven playing critical roles influencing drug responses of targeted cancer therapies.

Consensus mutations have proven effective for increasing stability, but these mutations are successful only about half the time.

The models derived from comparisons with other receptors, enriched with the information provided by the study of mutations, have proven useful for the design of small-molecule agonists and antagonists that may be used in the future to treat thyroid dysfunctions.

These later mutations have proven difficult to distinguish from neutral or adaptive polymorphisms.