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This may correlate with the fact that in vitro these novel human and draggen mutations had only small effects on voltage dependence channel inactivation.
The mutations had only modest effects, at most 2.7-fold, on the rate of binding of diVCA to Arp2/3 complex.
Patients with FRMD7 mutations had only small refractive errors within ±3 D. The inclusion criteria for controls were refractive errors within ±3 D. During the scan protocol, refractive error data were entered in SOCT before examination.
Such mutations had only been described in small series of desmoid tumours until very recently when Lazar et al (2008) reported a high frequency of β-catenin mutations in the vast majority of fibromatoses.
In contrast, the mutations had only minor fitness effects during growth on an alternate carbon source, succinate, indicating that their beneficial effects were specific to the challenge of growing on DCM and were not broadly beneficial during laboratory growth.
Consistent with these observations, analyses in HEK293 cells demonstrated that SQSTM1 mutations had only minor effects on protein stability over the course of 72 h (see Supplementary data Fig. S1), and importantly these did not correlate with the ability of different mutant SQSTM1 proteins to activate NF-κB activity in our reporter assays.
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It is found that most multidrug-resistant mutations have only a modest or moderate effect on substrate peptide binding, although these mutations would cause a large free energy loss in PR inhibitor binding.
The second hypothesis suggests that these mutations have only a mild effect on the protein function and thus affect only the metabolically highly active cells such as retinal photoreceptors.
Bak mutations have only been shown in gastric and colon cancer cells.
To date, however, these mutations have only been found in cultured drug-selected cell lines.
Moreover, some mutations have only an impact on the apo-form of the protein (12, 16, 17).
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