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Here, we tested whether similar heterogeneity of BRAF mutations exists in primary melanomas.
In this study, we have tested whether a similar heterogeneity of BRAF mutations exists in primary melanomas.
A high incidence of Ras mutations exists in plasma cell disorders which may be upward of 35 50% 8.
Although a large number of mutations exists in pancreatic cancer (including HER2/neu, K-RAS, Akt, p53, and p16INK4), clinical trials with erlotinib, cetuximab, and bevacizumab have yielded small clinical benefit [ 74, 75].
Because no explicit bias in the rates of gene adding and removing mutations exists in our full model, we wondered whether a bias in the fitness landscape toward neutral deletions, relative to neutral duplications could be causing the streamlining pattern.
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This information has already proved useful: research by Derek Smith of Cambridge University, for example, reported that two of the implicated mutations exist in naturally circulating H5N1.Progress since then has been slow.
To investigate whether LHX1 gene mutations exist in Han Chinese patients with müllerian duct abnormalities (MDAs).
Mutations existed in both, sexually precocious and late-maturing goat breeds as well as low and high prolificacy goat breeds.
In fact, sequencing data has revealed that mutations exist in genes involved in nearly all aspects of epigenetics, including DNA methylation, covalent histone modification, and chromatin remodeling (Fig. 2).
On the other hand, for the aim of finding out if specific gene mutations exist in EGFR-expressed cells, not accurately sequencing the whole genome of every cell, our design is a practical alternative to expensive deep sequencing of single cells.
Melanomas also harbor mutations that promote the malignant phenotype, such as in BRAF, CDKN2A, PTEN, CTNNB1, NRAS, PIK3CA and KIT [5], [6], but except for BRAF (∼50%) and common loss of CDKN2A, these mutations exist in a minor portion of melanoma specimens (10% or less).
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