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Many TUPs are propagation related; they have mutations conferring a growth advantage and are enriched during the propagations accompanying selection.
Mutations conferring a multidrug resistance phenotype have been found in the genes marR, soxR, and acrR among clinical and veterinary E. coli isolates (Wang et al.2001 Webber and Piddock 2001; Komp Lindgren et al.2003; Fernandes et al.2003; Karczmarczyk et al.2011).2011
Positive diversifying selection is an evolutionary force that favors new mutations conferring a fitness advantage and thus leads to an increase in gene diversity and accelerates divergence between homologous proteins.
Any study designed to determine genomic "signatures" of deliberate enhancement or selection is likely to require an analysis of the baseline likelihood that mutations conferring a similar phenotype would emerge and become fixed by natural processes within an evolutionary timeframe consistent with a known time interval or number of passages.
Those mutations conferring a selective advantage preferentially expand in number, forming subpopulations with the same subclonal mutations.
The concept of adaptive evolution implies underlying genetic mutations conferring a selective advantage to an organism under particular environmental conditions.
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We found that combinations of mutations conferring an autonomous phenotype with mutations leading to an increased fusion activity were compatible and generated functional PIV-5 F proteins.
To this end, mutations conferring an increased thermodynamic stability enhance a protein's robustness towards random mutations, thereby improving its capacity to evolve (evolvability) as evidenced by studies of cytochrome P450 Bmutantsnts [16].
Studies in bacteria and yeast imply mutator mutations confer a selective growth advantage on cells harboring these acquired mutations [ 24, 25].
If mutations confer a proliferative advantage, mutated cells can bypass the in vitro lifespan limit and rapidly replace the existing population [ 14, 15].
The mutations confer a selective advantage to myeloid progenitors at the expense of lymphoid progenitors.
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