In the case of binding of αS to lipid, the overall observed rate appears to be governed by the reaction after encounter with lipids, since the A30P mutation can slow the association rate.
Where within this background of variation a given mutation (and future competing mutations) falls can slow down or speed up the spread of a given mutation and determine its ultimate fate (D esai and F isher 2007; P ark and K rug 2007; F ogle et al. 2008; P ark et al. 2010).
Theoretical models and empirical data show that increased population sizes and mutation rates can slow the rate of adaptation and decrease the probability that beneficial mutations will reach fixation [ 3, 12, 18- 22].
It kills cancer cells with the mutation, which can slow or stop the growth of the cancer.
It has been shown that phosphorylation or mutation of BCL2 can slow its mobility and mutations in BCL2 occur in 10 37% of GCB-type DLBCL tumors., Of all the cell lines shown, SUDHL8 had the lowest levels of BCL2 mRNA by far (Fig. S1A), consistent with the fact that it does not have the t(14 18) translocation that deregulates BCL2 transcription.
For example, researchers are now finding that non-steroidal inflammatory drugs can slow down the mutation rate and reduce the progression of esophageal cancer.
In the case of "clonal interference", advantageous mutations that arise in different lineages of the same population compete against each other for fixation, which can slow down the fixation of advantageous mutations, and can result in loss of advantageous mutations.
This study also suggests that noise can slow the rate of fixation of beneficial mutations.
