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But when population numbers dwindle, as in the case of a threatened species, negative mutations can become a problem.
Tumors with EGFR-activating mutations can become completely dependent on EGFR activity to stimulate downstream cell signaling networks ('oncogene addiction').
By this mechanism, organelle mutations can become purified by intra-cellular genetic drift in that genome segregation to homoplasmy occurs 38, 39.
However, when the mutation rate is high, then the coupling between sequences caused by mutations can become stronger than the individual selection coefficients, and a quasispecies forms.
However, because of drift, even slightly deleterious mutations can become fixed, but at a probability of less than 1/2 N. Advantageous mutations have higher fixation probabilities than neutral mutations.
Although further analyses are needed to distinguish between these possibilities, our findings so far indicate that (1) passenger mutations can become fixed in the edited lines and that (2) it is advisable to isolate at least two independent edits (from different injected mothers) to avoid possible background effects.
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One way a seemingly deleterious mutation can become common over time in a group of people is if it also has a benefit that outweighs its harm, explains co-author Douglas Bell, a molecular biologist at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
When assayed, the mutation and the marker always appear together in the population, and over time the haplotype carrying the mutation can become common.
There are also some computationally challenging issues in the mutation prediction problem [ 43], mainly in the generalization to multiple-point mutations that can become computationally heavy if a 'brute-force' strategy of calculating all possible mutations is used without devising any unique approach.
Matt Hurles (Sanger Institute, UK) gave insights and quantification of the de novo mutations that can become rare variants.
It is proposed that a variable mutation rate (as opposed to the more classical approach of a constant mutation rate) can contribute towards better optimization performance, away from local optima: the longer the GA remains at a local optimum, the higher the mutation rate can become.
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