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These mutations can arise due to environmental factors and inaccurately resolved errors in transcription or replication.
So, while deleterious effects of particular alleles are masked, functionally advantageous mutations can arise.
Mutations can arise very early in life.
Inherited diseases caused by genetic mutations can arise due to loss of protein function.
Expansion mutations can arise during postzygotic cell divisions and continue in patients as they age, coinciding with worsening symptoms.
One difficulty in answering this question is the complexity of the background upon which mutations can arise, with multiple potential interactions between genetic loci.
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An alteration of a single nucleotide base pair, called a point mutation, can arise spontaneously or as a result of environmental influences such as chemical carcinogens or ultraviolet radiation.
Because of the need to create DNA/RNA strands, there is a chance that an error or mutation can arise during the process, leading to false positive or negative results.
Balbas et al. also showed that this mutation can arise spontaneously in human prostate cancer cells treated long term with enzalutamide.
In conclusion, we provide evidence that the A581G mutation can arise on various SGEAA ancestral backgrounds, of which we have shown 3 different cases (haplotypes 4, 11, and 18), from areas previously known to represent 2 distinct parasite lineages.
Soft sweeps can occur, for example, if an adaptive mutation arises repeatedly on different haplotypes, which is expected to be common in viruses with large population sizes and high mutation rates such as HIV, where every single point mutation can arise many times each generation.
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