Not only is genetic variation important in determining the fate of individual beneficial mutations, but also this variation itself fluctuates according to the stochastic nature of mutational events.
This combination ideally should be tailored not only to specific CFTR mutations but also to the individual patient, who in most cases presents two different mutations.
3) Development of both diseases not only depends on T or B cell intrinsic factors, such as germline or somatic mutations, but also on environmental factors.
Our data suggested that not only the genetic effects of NOTCH3 gene mutations, but also traditional vascular risk factors (or both of them) might contribute to the pathological changes during the development of CADASIL disease.
To increase the availability of such testing, low-cost high-throughput gene-analysis systems are required, ones that not only have the sensitivity to detect even low-level somatic mosaic mutations, but also can operate simply in a clinical setting.
Our results show that receptor point mutations can not only alter receptor behavior, as shown for activating/inactivating mutations, but also can have more subtle effects changing ligand mechanism of action.
This will help us understand not only the nature of deleterious mutations, but also the evolutionary nature of the occurrence of single amino acid variations.
The key observation is that fitness recovery cannot only be mediated by the fixation and dominance of advantageous mutations but also by an increase in quasispecies heterogeneity.
All these studies suggest that not only BRCA1 mutations but also reduced expression levels of BRCA1 mRNA could predict a benefit from DNA-damage-based chemotherapy.
As the disease advances, however, the chances of treatment failure rise due to the presence of drug resistant mutants that are generated mostly through point mutations, but also through gene duplications [5], [6], [8] [15].
Small populations are thought to be adaptively handicapped, not only because they suffer more from deleterious mutations but also because they have limited access to new beneficial mutations, particularly those conferring large benefits.
