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The four mutations brought the CRP site close (to within two mutations) to its consensus sequence [ 24], which we assumed would enhance the ability of CRP to activate expression.
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Together, these three novel mutations bring the total described mutations leading to loss of H6PDH function to eight.
Fourteen were previously unreported mutations, bringing the total number of different keratin mutations associated with PC to 105.
Forty-six distinct keratin mutations were found, 14 of which were previously unreported mutations, bringing the total number of different keratin mutations associated with PC to 105.
In the PpcAM58D mutant, the mutation brings the midpoint reduction potential values of all haem groups closer to each other (cf. broken and continuous lines on Figure 5).
Thus, a balance between mutation and purifying selection can in principle explain the maintenance of lagging strand encoded genes, and the probability for a gene to be encoded on the lagging strand is determined by the ratio between the relative disadvantage of lagging strand encoding and the rate of mutation bringing the gene from the leading to the lagging strand.
Analysis of exome-sequencing data from a follow-up series of overgrowth probands identified a further pathogenic mutation, bringing the total number of affected individuals to 5. Heterozygotes shared similar phenotypic features including increased height, increased head circumference and intellectual disability.
But Dr. Velicer has no idea at the moment how the mutation brought about the remarkable transformation in behavior.
Even three out of four mutations brought no change.
One illustration of this is the large variability in fitness estimates for mutations in a single species using two methods: in VSV earlier estimates (using Bateman-Mukai estimates) predicted a 0.002 mean fitness effect per mutation, while more recent and accurate estimates (which introduced each mutation individually) brought the estimate it to 14% (a 70-fold difference).
To sum up, the V35L mutation brought flexibility of the free and complexed receptor closer together, indicating reduced entropy penalty of binding and resulting in the higher affinity of the N96W + V35L double mutant compared to N96W mutant.
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