The enhanced mutation attributable to AID* is not likely a feature of RNAP III, since snoRNAs are even more targeted for mutation though all but snR52 are transcribed by RNAP II (Moqtaderi and Struhl, 2004).
Given the distribution of R in the viral population, we can then compute the fraction of viral fitness variation attributable to deleterious mutations (i.e., variation in β k ) vs antigenic differences among strains (i.e., variation in S eff ).
To compute the fraction of total viral fitness variation attributable to β k and thus deleterious mutations, we subtract the variance attributable to the covariance: var explained by β k = v a r (β k ) v a r (R ) − 2 c o v (β k, S e f f N ) .
These in vitro effects suggest that the absence of hyperplasia in subjects with G151E mutations is attributable to increased cell death in cells expressing this mutation in vivo, limiting the glomerulosa cell mass, and likely accounting for the absence of progressive disease.
An analysis of loss-of-heterozygosity (LOH) mutations found that in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells, the majority of LOH mutations were attributable to nondisjunction, whereas in mouse embryonic fibroblasts, LOH owing to nondisjunction was not observed (Cervantes et al, 2002).
Although Ciona mutants characterized by an impairment in tail extension have been previously described, such mutations are attributable to specific defects in notochord development [23], [24].
These mutations are attributable to diverse types of DNA damage that by genetic or stochastic means escape repair.
Active retrotransposable elements include long interspersed elements (LINEs) and short interspersed elements (SINEs) while approximately 0.27% of all human disease mutations are attributable to retrotransposable elements [ 10].
It was proposed that direct and indirect interactions often occur between protein pairs whose mutations are attributable to similar disease phenotypes.
Later studies suggested that the clinical and pathological features of patients with the Arctic mutation are attributable to increased generation of Aβ intermediates formed early in fibrillogenesis, as well as their greater stability [20].
