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Oligonucleotides were designed to introduce the desired alanine mutations at selected positions.
In order to elucidate the genetic determinants that affect CHIKV sensitivity to the E1-A226V mutatinn in Ae. albopictus, the genomes of the LR2006 OPY1 and Ag41855 strains were used for construction of chimeric viruses and viruses with a specific combination of point mutations at selected positions.
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This range of selective coefficients is given approximately by 0.5< U d / s d <5 [ 38], where U d is the genomic mutation rate at selected sites.
No mutations at positively selected sites in the 9 housekeeping genes were significantly associated with QRNG.
The parsimony networks imply a minimum of 48 independent replacement mutations at positively selected amino acid sites.
The potential for germline p53 mutations to drive transactivation at selected miR-associated REs was also examined.
During the selection phase, events of different types (coalescence, mutation at the selected locus, migration and recombination) occur according to a competing Poisson process scheme with rates that depend on the stochastic trajectory of the selected allele.
The initial frequency of the beneficial allele is zero, adaptation occurs from recurrent mutation at the selected locus.
The simulator allows for recurrent mutation at the selected site with rates μ from a → A and ν from A → a.
The frequency of recurrent and back mutation at the selected microsatellite loci in our simulations provides substantially greater probability for favored allele sizes to be linked with numerous haplotypic backgrounds.
Under such a scenario, the derived favoured mutation at the selected locus responsible for the star-shaped clade of alleles at the neutral locus (A1* in Figure 5) would have been fixed by positive selection in populations of the North Sea only while being counter-selected in populations of the Bay of Biscay.
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