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It is important to point out here that recurrent convergent mutations at individual genome sites have been reported previously in geminivirus evolution experiments.
The evolution of protein families and the consequential evolution of their function are accompanied by the accumulation of mutations at individual sites throughout the protein sequence [ 43].
This permits us to avoid the "corrections" used in many approaches to capture the possibility of multiple mutations at individual sites.
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We would like to argue that mutational load, that is, decrease in fitness due to mutation, at individual level is much lower in mtDNA than in nuclear DNA.
These results confirmed that a CD95 containing mutation at individual glycosylation sites was translocated to the cellular membrane.
Strains with mutation at individual genes coding for proteins that either contribute to the syntheses of LPS and curli or directly function as outer membrane proteins or lipoproteins were examined.
Heterogeneity in substitution rates can be explained under neutral theory by either unevenness of mutation rates at individual loci (manifested as locus effects) or correlated mutation rates across all loci within species (manifested as lineage effects).
Future experiments employing human FasL carrying point mutations at the individual tyrosine residues will clarify this issue.
Even single mutations at an individual residue can change a protein's activity completely – hence the discovery of 'inborn errors of metabolism'.
Figure 3d and Additional file 9: Figure S8a display a more precise picture of mutation rates at individual positions within 500 bp of nucleocyclic TSSs using data from testes.
Consequently, it is not always clear to researchers investigating human disease as to why a polymorphism or a mutation at an individual locus can predispose an individual to a disease condition.
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