Sentence examples for mutations are refractory from inspiring English sources

Although 80% of lung cancer patients who are carriers of EGFR TK domain mutations experience partial responses or marked clinical improvement with gefitinib or erlotinib, patients without such mutations are refractory to these agents (Lynch et al, 2004).

Further, some patients with the MEFV gene mutations were refractory to colchicine and had atypical symptoms of FMF.

In vitro, two cell lines (OZ and HuCCT1), both of which harboured KRAS mutation, were refractory to vandetanib, one cell line (TGBC24TKB) was somewhat resistant, and another cell line (TKKK) was sensitive.

In addition, in Ba/F3 transfected with p185 Bcr-Abl T315I mutation, which are refractory to Imatinib, Dasatinib, and GNF-2, presence of Imatinib and Dasatinib at 1 μM reduced the IC50 of GNF-2 from 20 to 18 and 10 μM, respectively.

Of note, recent studies showed that primary human adult fibroblasts (HFs) carrying pathogenic mutations in Dkc1 are refractory to cellular reprogramming (Agarwal et al., 2010; Batista et al., 2011).

Many tumor cells without known mutations in these components are refractory to growth inhibition by TGF-β.

Evidence of significant homology via hybridization and bioinformatics show that a high proportion of these gene models are conserved amongst the three RMP species, therefore suggesting that a high proportion represent true gene models that are refractory to random mutations as compared to intronic sequences.

Therefore, these regions are traditionally considered ideal targets for vaccine induced immune responses because they are refractory to CTL escape mutations.

Mixed Lineage Leukemia (MLL) mutations such as the t(4 11) translocation cause aggressive leukemias that are refractory to conventional treatment.

Retinoblastoma cells are refractory to apoptosis, but research has not implicated mutations (Poulaki et al. 2005).

Many patients are refractory to AZA.