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Exact(29)
It may be more relevant to evaluate the potential contribution of mutator mutations to the efficiency of tumorigenesis, as opposed to whether mutator mutations are necessary to explain a rate of cancer lineage birth rate equal to that of clinically observed cancer incidence.
(In Darwin's world, of course, a certain number of those mutations are necessary).
How is change possible where multiple mutations are necessary but intermediate steps have no apparent advantage?
Additional biological and pathophysiological data associated with the identified mutations are necessary for more optimal prosecution of these drug discovery programs.
Using model constructs in which an isolated δ-helix is engineered into a bona fide membrane protein, we find that, for two δ-helices originating from secreted proteins, at least three single-nucleotide mutations are necessary to obtain efficient membrane insertion, whereas one mutation is sufficient in a δ-helix from the cytosolic protein P450BM-3.
Further studies of TP53 mutations are necessary to understand their contribution to CPC formation and their participation in CPC prognosis.
Similar(31)
However, both mutations were necessary for the full das effect in vivo.
Some have asserted that these recommendations represent unwarranted censorship of scientific research and that the sharing of the results, particularly the specific viral mutations, is necessary to protect global public health.
Because Kcv* bore eight amino acid changes, we used a PCR backcrossing procedure [29] as a way to dilute the mutations into a wild-type background to address which mutations were necessary for the phenotype and probe whether multiple changes working in concert were required for the apparent blocker resistance.
Analysis of Ae. albopictus midgut infectivity for 41855-GFP-226V, in which two substitutions were introduced into the E2 protein, revealed that a combination of the G60D and I211T mutations is necessary and sufficient to completely restore infectivity of the Ag41855 strain to the same levels as that observed for 41855/LR-GFP-226V and LR-GFP-226V viruses (p>0.1) (Table 4).
In order to realize the potential of such screens, systematic genetic mapping of the mutations is necessary.
More suggestions(15)
deployment are necessary
mutations are deleterious
mutations are irrelevant
mutations are accidental
mutations are responsible
mutations are rare
mutations are viable
mutations are silent
mutations are important
mutations are embryonic
mutations are different
mutations are beneficial
mutations are private
mutations are similar
mutations are subject
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