Sentence examples for mutations are defined from inspiring English sources

These mutations are defined by their ability to promote or "drive" tumorigenesis and are therefore positively selected for in the development of cancer.

In this analysis, mutations are defined as non-synonymous nucleotide changes that occur during infection relative to the first sampled time-point (T0).

True mutations are defined as a change in a DNA sequence at a location other than the defining HVI∞ sequence characteristic of that sample.

(ii) Then candidates for starting sequence and mixing matrices based on covariance mutations are defined.

In the literature, post-zygotic mutations are defined as mutations that arise in development during organogenesis, at the zygote stage.

Driver mutations are defined as those that confer growth advantages to tumor cells and are under positive selection [ 8].

Therefore, the relative fitness of a cell with i driver gene mutations, j housekeeper gene mutations, k passenger mutations and l mutator gene mutations is defined as: (2) where is the proportion of tumour cells that have p, q, r and u driver, housekeeper, passenger and mutator mutations, respectively.

Modules exhibiting a significantly greater number of mutations were defined as mutated modules (MM).

In contrast, "passenger mutations" were defined as essentially neutral and linked to the inherent genetic instability in cancer cells [34], [35].

The sensitivity of the microarray methodology with respect to the known pathogenic mutations was defined as the proportion of true positives detected by the microarray, while the specificity was defined as the proportion of true negatives detected.

De-novo mutations were defined as newly occurring changes (as compared to the first sequence time-point) within known epitopes or at HLA-association sites relevant for the host's HLA.