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While much experimental effort is being devoted to the identification of the functional effects of individual mutations, mathematical modeling of tumor progression generally considers constant fitness increments as mutations are accumulated.
In each clonal expansion, additional mutations are accumulated that drive cancer progression and lead to more invasive phenotypes.
These data are consistent with the previous reports that mtDNA mutations are accumulated during aging process [ 25, 26].
According to the "vicious cycle" concept, mtDNA mutations are accumulated exponentially and should be associated with marked burst in ROS production [ 7].
When these mutations are accumulated to large extent in the cell genome the tumors are said to possess high-microsatellite instability (MSI-H) [ 15].
During this initial period of rapid evolution, new beneficial alleles and those compensating the harmful mutations are accumulated, enriching gene pool of population thus creating new species robustness.
Similar(48)
It is even plausible that genetic drift triggers specific relaxation of selection while slightly and mildly deleterious mutations are accumulating.
If deleterious mutations are accumulating during rhizome spread, we would expect greater self-incompatibility in rhizomatous species as a means to maximize heterozygosity.
Plots of corrected COI distances against divergence times revealed that mutations are accumulating roughly linearly in all the groups we evaluated.
If deleterious mutations are accumulating by Muller's ratchet and C. elegans is on its way to extinction, then the potential for compromised molecular biological phenomena should be taken into consideration in the analysis of C. elegans genetics and development.
Interestingly in one case it was possible to construct a tree showing how founder mutations were accumulated.
More suggestions(15)
mutations are generated
mutations are attributed
mutations are acquired
mutations are calculated
mutations are summarized
mutations are seen
mutations are observed
mutations are sequenced
mutations are underlined
mutations are mapped
mutations are kept
mutations have accumulated
mutations are replicated
mutations are termed
mutations are known
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