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If such products are not eliminated by the repair mechanisms of the skin, mutations and subsequently cancers may arise2.
We assumed that the fraction of treated individuals (hosting resistant viruses with low fitness) which undergoes compensatory mutations and subsequently generates resistant strains with high fitness lies between 1/5000 and 1/500 [9].
During the birth-and-death evolution, some genes accumulate deleterious mutations and subsequently decay (Nei and Rooney 2005).
A second experimental study constructed ribosomal protein mutants containing different nonsynonymous and synomymous mutations and, subsequently, measured fitness via growth and competition assays (Lind et al. 2010).
By sequencing the primary tumor and relapse genomes from AML patients, they observed that while some tumor subclones are indeed eradicated by therapy, others accumulate new mutations and subsequently expand during cancer recurrence.
The initial nucleotide sequences of PCR amplified fragments were trimmed and amino acid sequences were deduced using GENETYX-MAC ver. 13 (GENETYX Corporation, Japan) with a consideration of spontaneous frameshift mutations and subsequently multiple sequence alignment was conducted by ClustalW ver. 1.83 online software (http://clustalw.ddbj.nig.ac.jp/top-e.html).html
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Several models have been developed for predicting risk of carrying BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation and subsequently developing breast cancer [ 7].
Patient 4 harboured compound heterozygous mutations including a c.3147dupA frameshift mutation and a c.1582+7A>G mutation predicted, and subsequently confirmed, to lead to aberrant splicing (Supplementary Fig. 1D).
It provides a scientific basis for mutation analysis and subsequently, following the mutation analysis, an intensified follow-up protocol for mutation carriers.
c.101T>C (p.M34T) was first described as a dominant mutation 1 and subsequently as a recessive mutation.
The purpose of this study was to compare orthopaedic manifestations of MED caused by MATN3 versus COMP mutations and to subsequently delineate the implication of genotypes in MED.
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