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The frequency of wild-type isolates (no mutations) and mutants was organized as a contingency table and analyzed by chi-square test (Figure 1B).
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Pediatric HGG bearing ATRX or DAXX mutations and mutant for H3.3 are characterized by ALT (Schwartzentruber et al. 2012).
We created synthetic loxP oligonucleotides that contained a combination of inverted repeat mutations (the lox66 and lox71 mutations) and mutant spacer sequences, degenerate at 6 of the 8 positions.
The role of the tripartite structural elements was confirmed when mutagenesis including amino acid substitution, partial deletions, random mutations, and mutant variants on these hairpin loops had showed reduction or termination of the inhibitory effect of cystatin towards papain [ 10].
To determine the unselected formation rate of mDEL1 mutations using mutants detected selectively, the starting tester strain carried a purR mutation and mutants were detected as colonies appearing on day 2.
In addition to the wild-type cueO, we also identified 14 cueO mutants, including eight mutants containing the synonymous mutations and six mutants containing the non-synonymous mutations.
It is noted that the HBx mutants with point mutations and the mutants with C-terminal truncation or deletion frequently coexist in the same HCC case.
Robust biomarkers of somatic stem cell mutation and mutant clonal expansion may provide cancer surrogates that are useful for risk assessment.
Most of the mutants in the S. pombe and S. cerevisiae ORF deletion sets are null mutations, and haploid mutants lacking essential genes are not present.
Point mutations and deletion mutants were constructed by PCR mutagenesis (Stratagene).
Binding site mutations and null mutants were simulated by setting the regulator concentration to '0' in all nuclei.
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