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This is probably because weakly-bound electrons in antioxidants can cause serious reductive DNA damage, which if not repaired properly, can lead to apoptosis, genetic mutations and likely diseases notably cancer.
Frequencies of mutations and likely deleterious variants were compared between the cases and two control samples from online databases: European-American controls from Exome Variant Server [ 28] and European controls from 1000 Genomes project [ 29].
Using in vitro kinase and cell growth assays as well as in vivo tumorigenesis models, the authors suggest that the majority of the HER2 somatic mutations analyzed are activating mutations and likely drivers of the HER2-dependent tumor progression.
Mutations and likely deleterious variants were detected in families with both breast and ovarian cancers, except for the RAD51B p.Arg159Cys variant that occurred in a family with 3 breast cancer cases.
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Once stabilized, for SlTRM5 the 1 bp deletion and 1 bp insertion alleles (causing a frameshift mutation and likely a null) were backcrossed into the sov1/ovate background, which is described above for the development of the NILs.
DCM secondary to the Tnnt2 K210Δ mutation, and likely other sarcomeric protein mutations, results from abnormal function of a mutant protein and is associated with myocyte Ca2+ desensitization in vivo.
Thus, this mutation, and likely the lack of mast cells, appears to affect large numbers of hippocampal cells.
Interestingly, most carriers have one copy of the A673T mutation and likely have a reduction in Aβ production of only ~20%, yet they are still protected against AD.
The elimination of recombination across a genomic region will, in essence, lower the effective population size of that region, making fixation more likely for slightly deleterious mutations and less likely for slightly beneficial ones.
Knowing the causal mutations and their likely functions can then help uncover the underlying disease mechanisms and reveal potential drug targets.
This result adds a wrinkle to the already-difficult screening and treatment decisions faced by individuals who know they carry BRCA mutations and are likely to get breast cancer.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com