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This was then further separated into two measurements, total mutational burden (all mutations) and expressed mutational burden (the number of amino acid changes in the MT-ND1 cDNA from each amplified region; see Fig. 1).
The application of DNA chip technology includes the comprehensive analysis of multiple gene mutations and expressed sequences with regard to newer drug designs, host pathogen interactions and the design of new vaccines.
In contrast, when germ-line cells are damaged, even if radiation-exposed individuals do not demonstrate pathological traits, their progeny could exhibit abnormal traits, because the somatic cells produced from the sperm and oocytes after fertilisation contained mutations and expressed pathological traits.
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Bone and soft tissue sarcomas can have specific gene mutations and express mutated proteins [ 100].
These non-responsive tumours typically have a low level of mutations and express few neoantigens; that is, they have an immunosuppressively 'cold' tumour microenvironment.
Different types of cancer can have different mutations and express different genes that determine how aggressively the tumors grow and how well they respond to different therapies.
The majority of TNBCs are of the BLBC subtype, i.e. often carry p53 mutations and express cytokeratin 5/6 or EGFR [ 6].
To identify this motif, we used Saccharomyces cerevisiae with a squalene synthase knockout mutation, and expressed intact and chimeric squalene synthases originating from fungi, plants, and animals.
To analyze the effect of p.E113K substitution on DDR2 collagen binding, we created a soluble ectodomain construct with the p.E113K mutation and expressed it in HEK293-EBNA cells.
HsPNPLA3 was synthesized with a site mutation (I148M) and expressed in a model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum.
We also assessed the response of Ay-Jkn1 mice, which have a dominant agouti mutation and express ASP ubiquitously, and presumably signalling through MC1R is blocked wherever it is expressed.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com