Sentence examples for mutations and clones from inspiring English sources

Brief but highly useful introductory essays summarize everything from the difference between mutations and clones to the ways that phylloxera, the scourge of European vines in the late 19th century, forced growers to change ancient methods of propagation and vineyard arrangements.

All mutations and clones were verified by DNA sequencing.

PCR products, mutations and clones were confirmed by DNA sequencing.

The first was to test for differences between clones with rpoB mutations and clones with rho mutations, using MANOVA applied directly to PV data.

Because PCR amplification could lead to the introduction of random mutations and cloning of PCR products can fortuitously select the mutated sequences, all genes of CYP102A1 variants were PCR amplified a second time from genomic DNA and the sequences were directly determined without prior cloning.

We used regions of homology ranging from 1.2 to 1.7 kb in size and the homology regions were amplified by PCR (using a high-fidelity polymerase so as not to introduce mutations) and cloned using restriction sites introduced on the primers.

Surprisingly, a significant over-expression was observed in NPCs from both clone#15 (mutationtandon) and clones #46 and #33 (CDKL5 mutation c.1039C>T, p. (Gln347Ter)).

Single mutations were introduced by site-directed mutagenesis, and the double mutant was generated by excising the 623 bp fragment containing the Gln324Val mutation and cloning it between the EcoRI sites of the Thr340Ser-containing plasmid.

All amplification products were sequenced to confirm lack of PCR-induced mutation, and cloned into the pCAMBIA1305 vector (Cambia, Black Mountain, Australia) modified to contain an NcoI site at the start codon of the GUS gene and multiple cloning sites replacing the pCAMBIA Lac Z alpha and CaMV35S regions.

These data suggest that T-cells that undergo clonal expansion are more prone to somatic mutations and that clones containing somatic mutations contribute to the pathogenesis of MS. How might variants in hnRNP A1 contribute to the pathogenesis of MS?

In a more recent study, Bakkus et al. used PCR to analyze an IgA1κ/IgEκ DMG MM patient and found that the nucleotide sequence of the Ig HC V (IGHV) genes in the IgA and IgE clones were identical, including somatic mutations and the clone-identifying third HC complementarity determining region (HCDR3).