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The risk is that geneticists with good intentions could mistakenly engineer changes in DNA that generate dangerous mutations and cause painful deaths.
ATRT are defined by the presence of rhabdoid cells, contain INI1 mutations, and cause particularly grim clinical outcomes [ 2].
The importance of M1dG adducts in carcinogenesis is emphasized by their ability to induce base pair mutations and cause frameshift mutations in reiterated sequences (VanderVeen et al. 2003).
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Here, we generated mitochondrial disease patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (MiPSCs) that harbored a high proportion of m.3243A>G mtDNA mutations and caused mitochondrial encephalomyopathy and stroke-like episodes (MELAS).
It induces mutations and causes the subsequent development of tumours [ 107, 108].
As mutations occur and cause trait variation, the traits that share genes will tend to change together.
However, the mechanisms and cellular pathways affected by the GNE mutation and causing the muscle weakness could not be identified so far.
In contrast, MEN2B is almost always caused by the same M918T mutation and causes ganglioneuromas to form within the ENS, impairing bowel function.
Cells were treated with both mutagenic (causing gene mutations) and clastogenic (causing chromosome aberrations) compounds [ 4].
The optimum rate is also the result of a balance between two opposing forces: a decreasing rate caused by deleterious mutations and adaptation caused by beneficial mutations.
The accumulation of postinsertional mutations and deletions caused in HERVs the lack of an extracellular phase, rendering them noninfectious [ 10].
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com