Sentence examples for mutations and alterations from inspiring English sources
So just as evolution of species is driven by mutation and selection, cancer evolution is also driven by both oncogenic mutations and alterations in selective pressures, both of which can result from aging and carcinogenic exposures.
It is likely that multiple combinations of transforming mutations and alterations in miRNA expression can contribute to a metastatic phenotype.
Of note, most studies examining FLT3-ITD in cell lines, have introduced the FLT3-ITD mutation into an already transformed cell with existing mutations and alterations.
Because recombination has been implicated in immune evasion, the acquisition of drug-resistance mutations, and alterations of viral co-receptor usage, any attempt towards the successful eradication of HIV-1 requires therapeutic approaches targeting tissue macrophages.
Its mutations and alterations have been found in colorectal and other cancers.
Other mutations and alterations in gene expression in cancer also contribute to aberrant activation of the pathway.
The AR itself undergoes gene amplification, point mutations and alteration in splicing leading to constitutively active variants.
IPD is associated with point mutations in the human prion protein gene (PRNP), premature stop codon mutations and alteration in the number of octapeptide repeat insertions (OPRI) in the unstructured region of the N-terminal domain (Mead, 2006).
Two mutations, HRAS G13D and BRAF G464R, have been described in a metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma cohort.24 The BRAF mutation, and alterations in KDR Q472H, KIT T670I and GNAQ R183Q have been previously detected in cutaneous and uveal melanoma samples.25, 26 EGFR A864T is a rare activating variant 27 that was also seen in this cohort.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.09207.014 10.7554/eLiFigure07.015 Figure 2 figure supplement 4. SPOP mutation and alterations in DNA repair genes in prostate cancer.
Oxidative damage to DNA followed by mutation and alterations in gene expression are the principal mechanisms by which ROS contribute to carcinogenesis [ 1, 4].
