The optimum rate is also the result of a balance between two opposing forces: a decreasing rate caused by deleterious mutations and adaptation caused by beneficial mutations.
For example, expression profiling of resistant and sensitive genotypes that have and have not been experimentally evolved could be used to find cellular functions that are altered by resistance mutations and adaptation, both independently and in combination.
The molecular adaptations include adaptive mutations and adaptive epigenetic modifications.
On the other hand, even without accepting Scholem's gloss, the canon lives by mutation and adaptation: every boundary, every category, every rule requires interpretation.
One of the assessment items, related to the bacterial lesson referenced above, addressed a specific evolutionary concept: the issue of how bacteria develop antibiotic resistance (i.e., the concepts of mutation and adaptation).
"Constant mutation and adaptation are the survival mechanisms of viruses and other microbes.
Detailed functional analysis of these and other S. aureus bacteriophage genes of unknown function will likely lead to a greater understanding of their role in virulence and enabling mutation and adaptation of S. aureus to new environments.
This analysis has identified the mutational pathway leading from non-toxic to highly toxic PLA2 enzymes, reconstructing the processes of mutation and adaptation.
From a conceptual point of view it might be helpful to think of evolution, mutation and adaptation as a type of discrete uncertainty, in a mathematical sense, that affects the long-term dynamics of a synthetic organism.
Although the specific length 100 is somewhat arbitrary, it is enough to provide space for mutations and significant adaptation.
