Sentence examples for mutations and activation from inspiring English sources

Men with prostate cancer may be initially responsive to androgen receptor (AR) inhibitors, but in some patients, single-cell RNA-seq of individual CTCs detected heterogeneity in the expression of AR gene mutations and activation of non-canonical (β-catenin-independent) Wnt signaling, which may promote invasiveness and malignant progression, thereby contributing to treatment failure [77].

The primary objective of the study is to assess dominant mutations and activation of signaling pathways in cervical cancers predictive of response to standard treatment.

Mutations and activation of these genes may drive carcinogenesis [ 39], and increased expression is associated with a poor prognosis in NSCLCs [ 40- 43].

Furthermore, no clear association between these mutations and activation of downstream proteins in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway has been found in these patients.

In our study, we did not observe an association between PIK3CA mutations and activation of downstream proteins like mTOR and p70S6K.

These genes and pathways include TP53, BRCA1/2, PIK3CA, and PTEN mutations and activation of PI3K/AKT and RAS/RAF/MEK signaling pathways.

Mutation and activation strategies have been deployed at large scales in rice and other species.

There is a latent danger in insertion mutation and activation of oncogenes in human being using retroviral vector system [ 24].

During the progression of prostate cancer, various alterations of AR signaling have been identified including AR amplification, mutation, and activation by other signaling pathways.

In CMT few studies have examined the expression of c-kit suggesting that c-kit mutation and activation may be involved in the pathogenesis of these tumors [ 25– 27].

The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is activated in pancreatic cancer by overexpression or activation of EGFR and insulin-like growth factor (IgF1R), by PTEN loss or secondary to k-ras mutation and activation of the Ras/Raf/MEK pathway.