Sentence examples for mutations alterations in from inspiring English sources
In contrast to genetic mutations, alterations in the epigenome are much more dynamic.
Biomarkers of chronic toxicity, including DNA mutations, alterations in specific protein and mRNA levels, and perturbations in metabolism, are presented.
Indeed, a large number of mutations, alterations in copy number, and/or expression level have been observed in genes encoding kinases across multiple types of human cancers.
The mechanism that contribute to functional alterations in RA FLS are only partially understood and include somatic mutations, alterations in cell survival and apoptosis genes, and persistent activation of signaling pathways [ 3].
Recently we have carried out validation studies of biologic markers such as carcinogen--DNA and carcinogen--protein adducts, gene and chromosomal mutations, alterations in target oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes, polymorphisms in putative susceptibility genes (individual P450s, glutathione transferase M1), and serum levels of micronutrients.
So just as evolution of species is driven by mutation and selection, cancer evolution is also driven by both oncogenic mutations and alterations in selective pressures, both of which can result from aging and carcinogenic exposures.
Indeed, the identification of deterministic mutations in the APP, PSEN1 and PSEN2 genes and subsequent preclinical studies linking these mutations to alterations in Aβ production and aggregation have provided pivotal support for the amyloid cascade hypothesis.
The high incidence of amino acid changing mutations implicates alterations in aerobic respiration in ACC carcinogenesis.
It is likely that multiple combinations of transforming mutations and alterations in miRNA expression can contribute to a metastatic phenotype.
Finally, the combination of transcriptome sequencing and genome sequencing affords the opportunity to characterize the genomic mutations underlying alterations in gene expression in a tumor.
These include mutations or alterations in expression of p53, pRb, E-cadherin, COX2, BLCA-4, CXCL1, MMP-2/9 and EGFR [5].
